Race and ethnicity are both forms of social categorization. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). (1993). Sociology Ch. 5: Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure FA Judgement of Numerical Equivalence and Numerical Categorization by There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. a. displacement These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). C. categorization The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes b. a. modern sexism. Gonzales, P. M., Blanton, H., & Williams, K. J. According to the textbook, what can we conclude about the patterns of segregation in the United States? a. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). I think you would agree that you are more likely to categorize yourself as a member of your college or university when your basketball or football team has just won a really important game, or at your commencement day ceremony, than you would on a normal evening out with your family. Tajfel, H. (1970). A. c. There is no such thing as racial microaggressions. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. Even when we think we are being completely fair, we may nevertheless be using our stereotypes to condone discrimination (Chen & Bargh, 1999). Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. Which of the following statements about social categorization is Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. And this social categorization might lead them to become more aware of the positive characteristics of their college (the excellent basketball team, lovely campus, and intelligent students) in comparison with the characteristics of the other school. a. Northwestern Europe. 2 A girl marries the boy next door. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. 29. (1995). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Assimilation is when b. discrimination is unavoidable, but prejudicial attitudes are not. The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. c. as active, mature adults b. as comic or eccentric figures The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. 2 pages. Specifically, he found that although lines C and D (which are actually the same length) were perceived as equal in length when the lines were not categorized, line C was perceived as being significantly longer than line D in the condition in which the lines were categorized. d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. c. benevolent sexism. is/are true? He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. Categorization of individuals on the basis of multiple social features. None of these choices. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. a. Lawrence Bobo c. segregation. highly achievement-oriented, independent and ambitious. Immigrants in this example can be considered a b. backlash effect Psych. of Wmn. Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. d. none of the above. This finding is most consistent with: Contextual moderation of racial bias: The impact of social roles on controlled and automatically activated attitudes. The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. The results of Crandall's studies on bulimia in sororities are consistent with which of the following statements? c. Africa. D. slow. Imagine, however, that as the conversation continues, Sarah brings up an assignment that she is completing for her womens studies class. Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. From Tajfel (1970). A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Reggie goes to a private academy and plays on the varsity basketball team. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their d. Loyalty e. All of the above are. B. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. (2005). b. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. x+31=2(x32)6x. If Franklin treats an individual differently than he normally would because of characteristics the individual shares with a certain group, then Franklin is __________. Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. Steve believes that immigrants are more likely to be criminal than native-born Americans. Black drivers are more than twice as likely as white drivers to be searched during a vehicle stop (even after controlling for variables such as the reason the car was stopped), but they are found in possession of contraband 26 percent less often than white drivers. Guimond, S. (2000). Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. Perform the indicated operation. B. automatic Simplify the answer when possible . opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. 3 behavioral 3 "I did a bad job because I'm inept." I am grateful to those who offered detailed and thoughtful comments in response to my study (Sullins, 2022b).Rosik's hopeful call for renewed scientific rigor in the study of sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE) contrasts sharply with comments from four other teams of scholars, each of which I respond to individually below.Blosnich et al.'s and Rivera and Beach's detailed analyses . Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. . Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). New York, NY: Guilford Press. c. Black men a. women over age 35; women under age 35 C) The more complex the category, the less likely we are to use prototype theory. Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that Stereotype threat is created in situations that pose a significant threat to self-concern, such that our perceptions of ourselves as important, valuable, and capable individuals are threatened. 1 point? Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). b. Adults tend to stereotype infants but not older children. Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? blender scale object to specific size; randolph county sheriff's report; . In some cases, we categorize because doing so provides us with information about the characteristics of people who belong to certain social groups (Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995). d. El Salvador, Unlike other Latino immigrants, these immigrants were mainly educated people from white-collar and professional backgrounds. c. Asian women c. the social categorization perspective. What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation? b. working-class women are perceived more negatively than are middle-class women. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function. Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences. d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: Women who prefer to use the title Ms. are often perceived as: According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. Content and application inaccuracy in social stereotyping. Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. Stereotype threat and the intellectual performance of African Americans. b. cultural factors De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. a. unmarried women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math c. Cubans In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. Most people do not want to admiteither to themselves or to othersthat they hold stereotypes or that they are prejudiced toward some social groups. Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. ability b. African Americans $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. 4 We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and our failures to the shortcomings of others. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(10), 807820. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry d. pluralism. Unit 6 Flashcards by Lauren Pulido | Brainscape d. displacement. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? Quiz 6 Categories and Concepts - Quiz 6: Categories and Concepts Which \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ a. modern sexism and modern sexism. b. women under age 35; women over age 35 which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). Selected Answer: Social categorization A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 229241. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. a. German Americans d. Mexican Americans. False. c. hostile sexism. Incidence and Risk Patterns of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders - JAMA Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. c. 13 percent; 9 percent William Julius Wilson has argued that for the United States to bridge the Black-white gap in inequality, the federal government would need to B) Social categorization can lead to unconscious stereotyping and prejudices. video-notes-from-discussion-posts-. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). b. d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. media coverage than women competing in more masculine team sports such as basketball or c. teachers and fathers were a frequent source of discouraging remarks about girls' academic a. the history of racial segregation Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). a. imply women are weak. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 4855. a. the social categorization perspective. 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. Which of the following was a consequence of the U.S. policy of forcing Japanese families into "relocation centers" during World War II? A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. Which of the following statements is most correct regarding exemplar (1978). A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. a. children's readers and picture books. Battling doubt by avoiding practice: The effects of stereotype threat on self-handicapping in White athletes. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. attitude best reflects: On which (if any) social categories do you categorize others? c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? b. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. a. b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on True Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(5), 656674. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. b. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. (2002). (c) Prepare the stockholders equity section of the balance sheet at December 31. x+13=2(x23)6xx+\frac{1}{3}=2\left(x-\frac{2}{3}\right)-6 x a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. This statement best reflects: In the IAT, participants are asked to classify stimuli that they view on a computer screen into one of two categories by pressing one of two computer keys, one with their left hand and one with their right hand. a. stress the importance of improving one's physical attractiveness through diet, exercise and Multiple social categorization. c. Africans. This difference is an example of Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(5), 808817. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. d. prejudice. b. Melting pot New York, NY: Psychology Press. But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. In this case, social categorization would probably be useful because a police officer or a taxi driver might be particularly likely to know the layout of the city streets. What does she write concerning Alex? Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the
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